Actually, " known " is used here as a passive verb, not as an adjective. Think about what the sentence would look like when you put the actor in:
" Authorities know (that) 18 people are dead."
Compare that with this passive one:
" Eighteen people are known (to be) dead ( by authorities ).
As you know, we CAN use two or more adjectives in sequence ( e.g., the big red metalic building) but in the case of your example, we do not have two adjectives in sequence.